Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? And why is this difference growing as time passes? The evidence is sketchy and we're only able to provide some answers. While we are aware that there are biological, اضيق وضعية للجماع psychological and environmental factors that all play a role in women who live longer than males, we aren't sure the extent to which each factor plays a role.

We have learned that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However it is not due to the fact that certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from every country could expect to live longer than her younger brother.

It is interesting to note that the advantage of women exists in all countries, اضيق وضعية للجماع global differences are significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of only half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in the richer countries as compared to the present.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart shows male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women in the United States live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used be very modest however, it has increased significantly over the course of the last century.

If you select the option "Change country' on the chart, you will be able to check that these two points are applicable to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.