Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? And how the advantage has grown over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence is not sufficient to support an absolute conclusion. While we are aware that there are biological, behavioral and environmental variables that play an integral role in women who live longer than males, افضل كريم للشعر we aren't sure how much each one contributes.

We are aware that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. However this isn't due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line , this means that in all countries that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a newborn boy.1

The chart above shows that while the female advantage exists in all countries, global differences are significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan, the difference is less that half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the female advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two things stand افضل كريم للشعر out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in America live longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very small however it increased dramatically in the past century.

When you click on the option "Change country in the chart, you are able to confirm that the two points also apply to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.