Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women are more likely to live longer than men? And why is this difference growing in the past? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an informed conclusion. We know there are biological, ابر التخسيس behavioral, and environmental factors that play an integral role in women who live longer than males, we aren't sure what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of the amount, we can say that a large portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men but not in the past, has to relate to the fact that a number of fundamental non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, ابر التخسيس there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; this means in all countries baby girls can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that although the female advantage is present everywhere, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women are 10 years older than men. In Bhutan the gap is just half one year.

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In rich countries the longevity advantage for women was smaller
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below shows men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two things stand out.

First, there is an upward trend: Men as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was extremely small however, it has grown significantly in the past.

You can confirm that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.