Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so more than men do today and how has this advantage increased over time? The evidence is limited and we're only able to provide incomplete answers. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; However, we're not sure how significant the impact of each one of these factors is.

It is known that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. However it is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For زيوت تطويل الشعر example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and زيوت تطويل الشعر women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in every country can expect to live longer than her older brother.

This chart is interesting in that it shows that, while the advantage for women is present everywhere, global differences are significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the gap is less than half one year.

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In rich countries the longevity advantage for women was smaller
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart plots the male and female lifespans at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two distinct points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once extremely small however, it has grown significantly over time.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.