Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men and كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام how is this difference growing over time? The evidence is limited and we only have partial answers. We know there are biological, behavioral, and environmental factors that all play a role in women living longer than men, we don't know what percentage each factor plays in.

Independently of the exact amount, we can say that at a minimum, the reason women live longer than men in the present and not in the past, has to relate to the fact that several fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line - which means that in every country a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

The chart below shows that even though women enjoy an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries are often significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was smaller in the richer countries as compared to the present.
Let's look at how the gender advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart compares the life expectancy of males and females when they were born in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two specific points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام women in America have longer lives than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was extremely small It has significantly increased in the past.

When you click on the option "Change country in the chart, you are able to check that these two points apply to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.