Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? Why does this benefit increase as time passes? The evidence isn't conclusive and we're only able to provide incomplete solutions. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer life spans than men, However, we're not sure how significant the impact of each of these factors is.

In spite of the number of pounds, علامات الحمل بولد we know that at a minimum, the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present but not previously, is to have to do with the fact that some fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line - it means that in all nations baby girls can expect to live longer than a new boy.1

This graph shows that while there is a female advantage across all countries, differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women have a longer life span than men. In Bhutan the difference is just half one year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was much lower in developed countries than it is today.
Let's examine how the advantage of women in longevity has changed with time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancies at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.

There is an upward trend: Men as well as women in the US are living much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was extremely small however, it has grown significantly in the past.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.