Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present, and why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to reach an absolute conclusion. We know there are behavioral, biological and environmental factors that play an integral role in women living longer than men, we do not know how much each one contributes.

We know that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. But, ابر التخسيس this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from any country can expect to live longer than her older brother.

It is interesting to note that, while the advantage for women is present everywhere, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half one year.

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In rich countries the longevity advantage for women was not as great.
Let's look at how the advantage of women in longevity has changed with time. The chart below shows gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790 until 2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be very small however, it has grown significantly over time.

You can check if the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.