Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present and why have these advantages gotten bigger over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence is not strong enough to make an informed conclusion. While we are aware that there are behavioral, biological and environmental variables which all play a part in women's longevity more than men, we do not know how much each one contributes.

In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that at a minimum, the reason why women live so much longer than men today, but not previously, is to have to do with the fact that a number of important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal line of parity - it means that in all nations that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that the advantage of women is present everywhere, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan, the difference is only half a year.

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In rich countries the advantage of women in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's examine how the female advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two specific points stand اوضاع الجماع (glorynote.com) out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very small however, it has increased significantly in the past century.

When you click on the option "Change country from the chart, you will be able to determine if these two points are applicable to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.