Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? And how is this difference growing over time? The evidence is sketchy and we're only able to provide incomplete answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, we aren't sure how significant the impact of each of these factors is.

In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that at a minimum, the reason women live so much longer than men but not previously, has to be due to the fact that a number of fundamental non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, افضل كريم للشعر so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from any country can expect to live longer than her brothers.

The chart below shows that although women have an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men, while in Bhutan the difference is just half one year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was smaller in rich countries as compared to the present.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two areas stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in America have longer lives than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be extremely small however, it has increased significantly over the last century.

When you click on the option "Change country' on the chart, you are able to verify that these two points are applicable to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.