Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present, and why does this benefit increase in the past? There isn't much evidence and we have only incomplete solutions. We recognize that biological, زيوت تطويل الشعر behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; but we don't know exactly how much the influence to each of these variables is.

Independently of the exact weight, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live longer than men in the present however not as in the past, is to have to do with the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for زيوت تطويل الشعر men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; this means in all countries that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a new boy.1

Interestingly, this chart shows that the advantage of women exists in all countries, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males; while in Bhutan the gap is less than half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancies at the time of birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two things stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be extremely small however it increased dramatically over the course of the last century.

When you click on the option "Change country from the chart, you will be able to determine if these two points are applicable to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.