Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? Why the advantage has grown in the past? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we do not know how significant the impact of each one of these factors is.

It is known that women are living longer than men, regardless of weight. However it is not due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from every country could be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

This chart illustrates that, although women have an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries can be substantial. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is only half a year.

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In the richer countries, زيوت تطويل الشعر (glorynote.com) the women's advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's now look at how the gender advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies when they were born in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two specific points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. and women in the US live much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very small, but it grew substantially in the past century.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.