Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live much longer than men today, اضيق وضعية للجماع (glorynote.com) and why does this benefit increase in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach an informed conclusion. While we are aware that there are behavioral, biological, and environmental factors which play a significant role in the longevity of women over males, it isn't clear what percentage each factor plays in.

We are aware that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. However, this is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - it means that in all nations that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart shows that, although women have an advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be substantial. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half a year.

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In rich countries the women's advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men living in America are living longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be quite small however it increased dramatically over the course of the last century.

When you click on the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you can determine if these two points apply to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.