Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live much longer than men today and why is this difference growing in the past? There isn't much evidence and we're left with only partial solutions. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral as well as environmental factors that all play a role in the longevity of women over males, علامات الحمل بولد it isn't clear how much each factor contributes.

In spite of the precise number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live longer than men do today however not as in the past, has to relate to the fact that several key non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, علامات الحمل بولد (read this post here) ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal line of parity - it means that in all nations a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

This graph shows that although there is a women's advantage in all countries, the differences across countries could be significant. In Russia women have a longer life span than men. In Bhutan the difference is just half an hour.

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In wealthy countries, the longevity advantage for women was previously smaller.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the time of birth in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend: Men as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be tiny It has significantly increased over time.

It is possible to verify that these points are also applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.