Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so much longer than men today and how is this difference growing over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach an informed conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, However, we're not sure how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

In spite of the precise amount of weight, we are aware that at least part of the reason women live so much longer than men do today but not previously, is to be due to the fact that some key non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For ابر التخسيس example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line , it means that in all nations that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This graph shows that although there is a women's advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is only half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in rich countries that it is today.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two distinct points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in America have longer lives than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small however, it has increased significantly over the last century.

By selecting 'Change Country from the chart, you will be able to confirm that the two points are also applicable to other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.