Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live much longer than men today and how have these advantages gotten bigger over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an informed conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; however, we do not know how strong the relative contribution to each of these variables is.

In spite of how much number of pounds, we know that a large portion of the reason why women live longer than men today but not previously, has to have to do with the fact that a number of significant non-biological elements have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For افضل شامبو وبلسم example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line ; it means that in all nations the newborn girl is likely to live for longer than a new boy.1

This chart shows that, even though women enjoy an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries can be significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the difference is just half each year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was smaller in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US are living much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small, it has increased substantially over time.

When you click on the option "Change country in the chart, you are able to check that these two points are applicable to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.