Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live much longer than men today, and why have these advantages gotten bigger over time? There isn't much evidence and we're only able to provide partial answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام however, we aren't sure how much the influence of each one of these factors is.

In spite of the number of pounds, we know that at least a portion of the reason women live longer than men in the present but not in the past, is to do with the fact that several significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - it means that in all nations baby girls can expect to live longer than a new boy.1

The chart above shows that the advantage of women exists in all countries, cross-country differences are large. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of just half a year.

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In rich countries the advantage of women in longevity was smaller
Let's now look at how the female advantage in longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy when they were born in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. and women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once tiny, it has increased substantially over time.

You can confirm that these principles are also applicable to other countries with data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.