Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present and why have these advantages gotten bigger over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to reach a definitive conclusion. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors that play an integral role in women who live longer than males, it isn't clear what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of how much number of pounds, we know that at least a portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present however not as previously, has to be due to the fact that certain important non-biological aspects have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line ; this means that in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart illustrates that, even though women enjoy an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries could be significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of just half a year.

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The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in developed countries as compared to the present.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart compares the male and female lifespans when they were born in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two things stand out.

First, there's an upward trend: Men and women in the US are living much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increase in the gap between men and زيوت تطويل الشعر women: female advantage in life expectancy used be very modest, but it grew substantially during the last century.

By selecting 'Change Country in the chart, you are able to confirm that the two points apply to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.