Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men and how has this advantage increased over time? There isn't much evidence and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور we have only partial answers. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; However, we're not sure how significant the impact of each factor is.

In spite of the precise number of pounds, we know that a large portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present but not in the past, is to relate to the fact that several significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; which means that in every country that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart illustrates that, while there is a female advantage across all countries, differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half one year.

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In wealthy countries, the advantage of women in longevity was not as great.
Let's examine the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be extremely small however, it has increased significantly during the last century.

When you click on the option "Change country in the chart, you can determine if these two points apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.