Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so much longer than men today and how have these advantages gotten bigger over time? The evidence is limited and we only have partial answers. While we are aware that there are biological, behavioral, and environmental factors which all play a part in women's longevity more than men, we don't know how much each factor علامات الحمل بولد contributes.

It is known that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However this isn't because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from any country can expect to live longer than her brothers.

This chart illustrates that, while there is a female advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be substantial. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, the difference is only half a year.

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The advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries that it is today.
We will now examine how the female advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancy at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two specific points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both genders living in America are living longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be tiny It has significantly increased in the past.

You can confirm that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.