Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women have a longer life span than men? And why does this benefit increase over time? The evidence is sketchy and we only have limited solutions. We know there are biological, psychological and environmental variables that play an integral role in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of the precise amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason women live longer than men today, but not in the past, has to be due to the fact that certain important non-biological aspects have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and اضيق وضعية للجماع (killer deal) relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her brother.

The chart below shows that although women have an advantage everywhere, cross-country differences could be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is less that half a year.

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In rich countries the longevity advantage for اضيق وضعية للجماع women used to be smaller
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy used to be very small but it has risen significantly in the past.

It is possible to verify that these are applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.