Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present and why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? The evidence is limited and we're only able to provide some answers. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; however, we do not know how much the influence of each factor صبغ الشعر بالاسود is.

It is known that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. But this isn't because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; it means that in all nations the newborn girl is likely to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

The chart above shows that while the female advantage exists across all countries, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women have a longer life span than men. In Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
In rich countries the longevity advantage for women was previously smaller.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart shows the life expectancy of males and females when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two areas stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. and صبغ الشعر بالاسود women in the US are living much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small however it increased dramatically over the last century.

By selecting 'Change Country by country' in the chart, confirm that the two points are applicable to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.