Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? Why does this benefit increase in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach an unambiguous conclusion. We know there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors that play an integral role in women living longer than males, we aren't sure how much each factor contributes.

We have learned that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. But, العاب زوجية this is not due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

Interestingly, this chart shows that while the female advantage exists everywhere, the global differences are significant. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a calendar year.

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In wealthy countries, the advantage of women in longevity was not as great.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancy at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two things stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in the US are living much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very modest but it increased substantially over the course of the last century.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, العاب زوجية France, and Sweden.