Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women have a longer life span than men? What is the reason has this advantage gotten larger in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and we have only partial answers. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral as well as environmental factors which play a significant role in women who live longer than males, we aren't sure how much each factor contributes.

We have learned that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. But this isn't because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, افضل شامبو وبلسم like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for افضل شامبو وبلسم men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from every country could anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

This chart illustrates that, even though women enjoy an advantage across all countries, differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, the difference is only half a year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was much lower in countries with higher incomes than it is now.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart plots the male and female lifespans when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women in America live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was extremely small but it has risen significantly with time.

By selecting 'Change Country by country' in the chart, you can determine if these two points are also applicable to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.