Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live much longer than men today and why does this benefit increase over time? We only have partial evidence and ابر التخسيس the evidence is not sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, psychological and environmental factors which all play a part in women who live longer than men, we do not know how much each factor contributes.

We have learned that women are living longer than men, regardless of weight. However it is not because of certain biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - this means that in all countries baby girls can expect to live longer than a new boy.1

The chart below shows that although there is a women's advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be substantial. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a calendar year.

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In countries with high incomes, the women's advantage in longevity used to be smaller
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart compares the life expectancy of males and females at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was extremely small It has significantly increased in the past.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.