Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women have a longer life span than men? And how does this benefit increase over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw an absolute conclusion. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological and environmental variables that all play a role in the longevity of women over males, افضل شامبو وبلسم it isn't clear how much each one contributes.

We have learned that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. However this is not because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line , this means in all countries baby girls can expect to live longer than a new boy.1

The chart below shows that although women have an advantage everywhere, cross-country differences are often significant. In Russia, افضل شامبو وبلسم women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of just half a year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was less in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.
Let's now look at how the advantage of women in longevity has changed with time. The next chart shows the life expectancy of males and females when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two things stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was tiny, it has increased substantially over time.

By selecting 'Change Country by country' in the chart, check that these two points apply to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.