Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live more than men do today and اضيق وضعية للجماع why is this difference growing over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence is not strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; but we don't know exactly how much the influence of each of these factors is.

In spite of how much weight, we know that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men today however not as in the past, has to have to do with the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in every country can expect to live longer than her younger brother.

This chart is interesting in that it shows that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men, while in Bhutan the difference is less than half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was smaller in the richer countries that it is today.
Let's examine how the gender advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was very small however, it has grown significantly over time.

If you select the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you are able to confirm that the two points are also applicable to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.