Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men and why has this advantage increased over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and زيوت تطويل الشعر (https://glorynote.com/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1) we have only some solutions. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological and environmental factors which all play a part in the longevity of women over men, we do not know how much each one contributes.

In spite of the precise amount, we can say that at a minimum, the reason why women live so much longer than men today and not previously, is to be due to the fact that some fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, زيوت تطويل الشعر like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; this means in all countries baby girls can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

This graph shows that although women have an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be substantial. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is only half a year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was less in developed countries as compared to the present.
Let's now look at how the advantage of women in longevity has changed over time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancy at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two things stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men living in America are living longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was tiny but it has risen significantly with time.

By selecting 'Change Country from the chart, you can confirm that the two points are applicable to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.