Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men and why have these advantages gotten bigger over time? There is only limited evidence and افضل كريم للشعر the evidence isn't sufficient to reach a definitive conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, we do not know how much the influence of each factor is.

In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason why women live longer than men today however not as in the past, has to relate to the fact that several important non-biological aspects have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her younger brother.

It is interesting to note that although the female advantage exists everywhere, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of less than half a calendar year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was smaller in the richer countries that it is today.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart compares the male and female lifespans at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small however it increased dramatically during the last century.

When you click on the option "Change country in the chart, determine if these two points also apply to other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.