Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women live longer than men? And how does this benefit increase in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw a definitive conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors which all play a part in women who live longer than men, we do not know how much each factor contributes.

We are aware that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. But, this is not because of certain biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For اوضاع الجماع example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can expect to live longer than her younger brother.

This chart shows that, although women have an advantage everywhere, cross-country differences could be significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half each year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was smaller in the richer countries than it is now.
We will now examine the way that female advantages in longevity has changed with time. The chart below illustrates the male and اوضاع الجماع female life expectancies at the birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very small but it increased substantially during the last century.

It is possible to verify that these points are also applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.