Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? Why does this benefit increase in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, but we don't know exactly how strong the relative contribution of each factor is.

In spite of how much weight, we know that at least a portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men today, but not in the past, has to do with the fact that some significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, اضيق وضعية للجماع ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in every country can be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

It is interesting to note that while the female advantage exists in all countries, global differences are significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men, while in Bhutan the difference is less than half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the female advantage in longevity used to be smaller
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below shows men and women's life expectancies at birth in the US between 1790 to 2014. Two points stand اضيق وضعية للجماع out.

There is an upward trend: Men and women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was very small, it has increased substantially over time.

If you select the option "Change country' on the chart, you will be able to confirm that the two points apply to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.