Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men in the present, and why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to support an informed conclusion. We know there are behavioral, biological, and environmental factors that play an integral role in women living longer than men, we don't know how much each factor contributes.

We are aware that women live longer than men, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام regardless of their weight. But this isn't due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal line of parity - this means that in all countries the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a newborn boy.1

The chart above shows that, while the advantage for women exists across all countries, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was less in developed countries than it is now.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancies at birth in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men living in America are living longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very modest but it increased substantially over the course of the last century.

By selecting 'Change Country from the chart, determine if these two points also apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.