Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live more than men do today, and why have these advantages gotten bigger over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't sufficient to reach an absolute conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer lives than men, However, we're not sure how much the influence to each of these variables is.

In spite of the number of pounds, we know that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men today, but not previously, is to relate to the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line , which means that in every country the newborn girl is likely to live for longer than a new boy.1

The chart above shows that, while the advantage for women is present everywhere, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men; in Bhutan the difference is just half each year.

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In rich countries the longevity advantage for women was not as great.
We will now examine the way that female advantages in longevity has changed over time. The next chart shows the male and female lifespans at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used be very modest however, it has increased significantly over the last century.

If you select the option "Change country in the chart, you are able to determine if these two points also apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.