Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men in the present and how have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make an informed conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer life spans than men, but we don't know exactly how strong the relative contribution of each of these factors is.

In spite of how much amount, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور (https://glorynote.com) we can say that at least a portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men, but not in the past, is to relate to the fact that some key non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line , this means in all countries the newborn girl is likely to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This graph shows that while there is a female advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries can be substantial. In Russia women have a longer life span than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half a year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was smaller in developed countries than it is today.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancy at birth in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two specific points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used be extremely small however, it has increased significantly over the last century.

If you select the option "Change country in the chart, you will be able to determine if these two points apply to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.