Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men and how does this benefit increase over time? There isn't much evidence and we have only some answers. We know that biological, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; however, we do not know how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

In spite of the precise weight, we know that at least a portion of the reason women live so much longer than men in the present and not in the past, is to do with the fact that certain fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

This graph shows that even though women enjoy an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of less that half a year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was less in developed countries than it is now.
Let's examine how the gender advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend: Men as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the female advantage in life expectancy used to be tiny however, it has grown significantly with time.

You can confirm that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.