Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? Why does this benefit increase as time passes? The evidence is sketchy and we're only able to provide limited solutions. While we are aware that there are biological, behavioral as well as environmental factors which all play a part in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear how much each one contributes.

In spite of the amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason why women live longer than men today and not in the past, has to be due to the fact that several important non-biological aspects have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for زيوت تطويل الشعر survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal line of parity - it means that in all nations baby girls can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

This chart shows that, although there is a women's advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be substantial. In Russia women are 10 years older than males; while in Bhutan the gap is less than half each year.

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In the richer countries, the female advantage in longevity used to be smaller
Let's examine how the gender advantage in longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female lifespans at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women in America have longer lives than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be extremely small however, it has increased significantly over the course of the last century.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and زيوت تطويل الشعر Sweden.