Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women live longer than men? And how the advantage has grown over time? The evidence is limited and العاب زوجية (glorynote.com) we only have partial answers. Although we know that there are biological, psychological and environmental factors which play a significant role in women who live longer than men, we don't know how much each factor contributes.

Independently of the exact weight, we know that at least part of the reason women live longer than men in the present and not previously, has to have to do with the fact that a number of important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from any country can be expected to live for العاب زوجية longer than her younger brother.

This graph shows that even though women enjoy an advantage across all countries, differences between countries are often significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was less in the richer countries as compared to the present.
Let's now look at how the advantage of women in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two distinct points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US live much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was very small It has significantly increased over time.

You can confirm that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.