Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live much longer than men today and why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? The evidence is limited and صبغ الشعر بالاسود - simply click the following internet site - we're only able to provide incomplete answers. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we aren't sure how significant the impact of each of these factors is.

We have learned that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and صبغ الشعر بالاسود relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line - it means that in all nations the newborn girl is likely to live for longer than a new boy.1

Interestingly, this chart shows that although the female advantage is present everywhere, global differences are significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men; in Bhutan the gap is just half each year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was less in the richer countries that it is today.
Let's examine how the gender advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two aspects stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in America have longer lives than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increasing gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small however it increased dramatically in the past century.

You can confirm that these points are also applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.