Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women are more likely to live longer than men? And افضل كريم للشعر why has this advantage gotten larger as time passes? The evidence is sketchy and we're left with only limited answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; but we don't know exactly how much the influence of each factor is.

In spite of the precise amount, we can say that at least a portion of the reason why women live longer than men and not previously, is to do with the fact that a number of significant non-biological elements have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, افضل كريم للشعر like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in every country can expect to live longer than her younger brother.

The chart above shows that although the female advantage exists in all countries, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of only half a year.

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The female advantage in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries that it is today.
Let's look at how the gender advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US from 1790-2014. Two specific points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women in the United States live longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was very small It has significantly increased with time.

You can check if these points are also applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.