Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? And how the advantage has grown in the past? We only have a few clues and the evidence is not strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, However, we're not sure what the contribution of each one of these factors is.

In spite of how much weight, we know that a large portion of the reason women live so much longer than men in the present, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور (head to Glorynote) but not in the past, is to be due to the fact that certain key non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from any country can be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

The chart below shows that while there is a female advantage everywhere, cross-country differences could be significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men, while in Bhutan the gap is just half an hour.

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The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in countries with higher incomes that it is today.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below illustrates the men and women's life expectancies when they were born in the US between 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increasing gap: كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be quite small however it increased dramatically over the last century.

You can check if the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.