Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? And how the advantage has grown over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support an informed conclusion. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological and افضل شامبو وبلسم environmental factors that all play a role in the longevity of women over men, we do not know how much each one contributes.

In spite of the amount of weight, we are aware that at least part of the reason women live so much longer than men and not in the past, has to do with the fact that some fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - which means that in every country a newborn girl can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart illustrates that, although there is a women's advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be substantial. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males; while in Bhutan the difference is less than half one year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was much lower in rich countries that it is today.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy when they were born in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women in America live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was quite small It has significantly increased over time.

You can confirm that these are applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, افضل شامبو وبلسم France, and Sweden.