Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live more than men do today and how does this benefit increase in the past? There isn't much evidence and we're only able to provide some answers. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; but we don't know exactly how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

Independently of the exact weight, we know that at least a portion of the reason women live so much longer than men today but not in the past, العاب زوجية has to have to do with the fact that some fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for العاب زوجية (mouse click the next internet page) survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

The chart below shows that although there is a women's advantage everywhere, cross-country differences could be significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of just half a year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was much lower in developed countries than it is now.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two aspects stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once tiny but it has risen significantly in the past.

By selecting 'Change Country' on the chart, verify that these two points are also applicable to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.