Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live more than men do today, and why does this benefit increase in the past? The evidence is sketchy and we only have incomplete solutions. We know there are behavioral, biological and environmental variables that play an integral role in women's longevity more than men, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام we do not know the extent to which each factor plays a role.

We are aware that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. However this isn't because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from any country can expect to live longer than her younger brother.

The chart below shows that while there is a female advantage across all countries, differences between countries are often significant. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of less that half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was much lower in rich countries as compared to the present.
Let's look at the way that female advantages in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the life expectancy of males and females when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, كيفية ممارسة العلاقة الزوجية فى الاسلام; Read Significantly more, there's a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be very small however, it has increased significantly over the last century.

When you click on the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you will be able to determine if these two points apply to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.