Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present and العاب زوجية how does this benefit increase over time? The evidence is sketchy and we have only partial answers. Although we know that there are behavioral, biological as well as environmental factors which all play a part in women who live longer than men, we do not know how much each factor contributes.

In spite of the amount of weight, we are aware that at least part of the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present but not previously, has to have to do with the fact that several significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line , it means that in all nations that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that although the female advantage exists in all countries, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women have a longer life span than men; in Bhutan the gap is just half one year.

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The female advantage in terms of life expectancy was lower in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies at the birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two specific points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders living in America are living longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, العاب زوجية the gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once very small It has significantly increased over time.

You can verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.