Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live much longer than men today, and why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? We only have a few clues and the evidence is not strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, we do not know how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

We have learned that women are living longer than men, regardless of weight. But, this is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for اضيق وضعية للجماع men and women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

This chart is interesting in that it shows that while the female advantage is present everywhere, اضيق وضعية للجماع difference between countries is huge. In Russia women have a longer life span than men. In Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was smaller in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below shows gender-based and female-specific life expectancy when they were born in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two specific points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders living in America are living longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very modest however it increased dramatically in the past century.

When you click on the option "Change country from the chart, you will be able to verify that these two points are also applicable to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.