Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? And how is this difference growing as time passes? The evidence isn't conclusive and we're only able to provide some answers. While we are aware that there are behavioral, biological and علامات الحمل بولد environmental variables which play a significant role in women who live longer than men, we do not know what percentage each factor plays in.

It is known that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. However, this is not because of certain biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her younger brother.

The chart below shows that although there is a women's advantage in all countries, the differences across countries could be significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was much lower in developed countries that it is today.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the male and female lifespans at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be quite small, but it grew substantially over the last century.

If you select the option "Change country' on the chart, you will be able to check that these two points apply to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.