Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live more than men do today and how has this advantage increased in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support an absolute conclusion. We know there are behavioral, biological as well as environmental factors which all play a part in women who live longer than men, we do not know the extent to which each factor plays a role.

Independently of the exact weight, we know that at least part of the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present however not as in the past, has to relate to the fact that a number of fundamental non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, علامات الحمل بولد ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her younger brother.

Interestingly, this chart shows that the advantage of women exists in all countries, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men; in Bhutan the difference is just half an hour.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was smaller in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.
Let's now look at how the gender advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at birth in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was very small however, علامات الحمل بولد it has grown significantly in the past.

If you select the option "Change country from the chart, you are able to determine if these two points apply to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.