Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? What is the reason has this advantage gotten larger over time? The evidence is sketchy and we're only able to provide some solutions. We know there are behavioral, biological and environmental variables that all play a role in women who live longer than males, we aren't sure what percentage each factor plays in.

We know that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. However, this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and افضل شامبو وبلسم women. It is clear that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in every country can be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

Interestingly, this chart shows that while the female advantage exists across all countries, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia, women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was much lower in the richer countries that it is today.
Let's now look at how the female advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. and women in the US are living much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be very small It has significantly increased in the past.

When you click on the option "Change country by country' in the chart, verify that these two points apply to other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.