Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men, تحاميل مهبلية and why is this difference growing in the past? The evidence is limited and we're left with only some answers. While we are aware that there are behavioral, biological, and environmental factors which all play a part in women living longer than males, it isn't clear the extent to which each factor plays a role.

We are aware that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. But, this is not because of certain biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and تحاميل مهبلية relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from every country could anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

This graph shows that while there is a female advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be substantial. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of less that half a year.

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The advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was lower in countries with higher incomes than it is now.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below shows men and women's life expectancies at birth in the US between 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in America have longer lives than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small, but it grew substantially during the last century.

You can check if the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.