Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women have a longer life span than men? What is the reason is this difference growing in the past? The evidence is limited and we're only able to provide incomplete answers. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we do not know how strong the relative contribution of each factor is.

In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that a large portion of the reason women live longer than men do today but not previously, العاب زوجية has to do with the fact that some key non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, العاب زوجية (glorynote.com) so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

This chart illustrates that, although there is a women's advantage everywhere, cross-country differences can be substantial. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males; while in Bhutan the difference is less than half a year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was less in rich countries than it is now.
Let's examine how the gender advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two things stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in America have longer lives than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be quite small but it has risen significantly with time.

You can confirm that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.