Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present, افضل كريم للشعر (click the following document) and why has this advantage increased in the past? There isn't much evidence and we only have incomplete solutions. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; but we don't know exactly how much the influence of each of these factors is.

We have learned that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. But, this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, افضل كريم للشعر ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - which means that in every country that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a new boy.1

It is interesting to note that, while the advantage for women is present everywhere, cross-country differences are large. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men, while in Bhutan the difference is less than half each year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
In wealthy countries, the women's advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's examine how the advantage of women in longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two things stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was quite small, it has increased substantially with time.

When you click on the option "Change country' on the chart, you can determine if these two points apply to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.